Sir Mohammad Shafi and Muslim Separatism in British India: An Analysis

Abstract

The general objective of this study is to analyze the role of the Muslim leader, Sir Muhammad Shafi,
for Muslim separatism in British India, in general, and making the way out for a separate Muslim
state, in particular. He was a famous Muslim politician who had represented the Muslim community
for about forty years (1892-1932). Long before the formation of the All-India Muslim League, he
advocated for Muslim rights. His contribution cannot be ignored in the context of leveling the
ground for the Muslim state. Shafi was one of those Muslims who perceived very early the alarming
situation of the Muslim in political life and process and made efforts to help found the All-India
Muslim League. Shafi also made a strong appeal for more provincial autonomy not only for the
Punjab but also for other provinces. In his beliefs of separate Muslim representation, he, even, went
against the progressive leadership within the ranks and profile of the All-India Muslim League.